Everything You Need to Know About Second-Gen Anticoagulant Rodenticides

What Are Second-Generation Anticoagulant Rodenticides? 

Second-Generation Anticoagulant Rodenticides (SGARs) are a class of rodenticides designed to control rats, mice, and other rodents. Unlike first-generation anticoagulants that require multiple feedings over a period of days for the rodent to ingest a lethal dose, SGARs are highly toxic and can kill with a single feeding. This makes SGARs particularly effective at controlling rodent populations in areas where other methods might fall short. 

Some of the most commonly used SGARs include: 

• Brodifacoum (e.g., Ratak) 
• Bromadiolone 
• Difethialone (e.g., Hombre) 

These chemicals work by interfering with the rodent's ability to clot blood, leading to internal bleeding and death. However, because of their potent and persistent effects, SGARs can also pose significant risks to non-target animals, including pets, wildlife, and even humans if improperly handled. 

Why Are SGARs Restricted? 

The use of SGARs has been restricted in many regions, including British Columbia, due to several significant concerns: 

1. Non-Target Species Poisoning 
   SGARs are highly toxic not only to rodents but also to wildlife that may consume poisoned rodents or bait directly. Animals like owls, hawks, foxes, and even family pets are at risk of poisoning if they ingest rodents that have consumed SGAR-laced bait. Because SGARs are slow-acting and accumulate in the body, the effects can be fatal, and recovery is extremely unlikely once symptoms appear.
2. Persistence in the Environment 
   SGARs are persistent, meaning they remain in the environment long after being applied. This increases the risk of secondary poisoning, as predators that feed on poisoned rodents may be affected. For example, an owl that consumes a rat that ate SGAR-laced bait can become poisoned itself.
3. Environmental Concerns 
   When used improperly, SGARs can leach into soil and water, affecting local plant and animal life.  

Who Can Use SGARs? 

Due to the serious environmental and health risks associated with SGARs, their use is strictly regulated. In British Columbia, only certain individuals and organizations are permitted to purchase and apply SGARs. This includes: 

• Licensed Pest Control Operators 
  Certified pest control professionals, who have received specialized training in the safe and responsible use of pesticides, are authorized to apply SGARs in specific situations, such as for commercial or residential pest control services. 

• Agricultural Users 
  Farmers and other agricultural professionals can use SGARs on their properties, but even this is regulated under strict guidelines to minimize environmental impact and ensure that they are used safely and effectively. 

• Public Health and Safety Uses (PUL & PAC) 
  Certain government agencies and organizations involved in public health and safety may use SGARs in specific, regulated circumstances, such as controlling rodent populations around public infrastructure. 

However, landscapers and gardeners are not authorized to use SGARs, even if they are working on properties that require rodent control.  

Furthermore, a Rodent Management Plan must be completed before an SGAR may be used. These plans must be kept for 3 years, and made available to the Ministry of Environment and Climate Change Strategy.  

What Certifications Are Required to Purchase and Use SGARs? 

To purchase and use SGARs legally in British Columbia, individuals must meet specific certification requirements that demonstrate their competence in handling and applying these hazardous chemicals. For those working in agriculture, the following is needed: 

• Pesticide Use License (PUL): User will need to fill out this form to apply for this license from the BC Ministry of Environment and Climate Change Strategy, and pay the associated fee 
• Pesticide Applicator Certificate (PAC) 
• Proof of Essential Service 

Acceptable proof includes any one of the following documents to demonstrate agricultural status: 

• BC Farmer ID Card 
• Business ID 
• PST Exemption Certificate for Farmers 
• AgriStability Statement 
• AgriInvest Statement 
• B.C. Property Assessment Notice (showing proof of farm status) 

Without meeting all of these criteria, individuals and organizations are not authorized to purchase or apply SGARs. 

Types of Rodenticides, Active Ingredients, and Approved Use Areas 

Non-Anticoagulants (Farm Status)

First-Generation Anticoagulants (Farm Status)

Second-Generation Anticoagulants (Farm Status, PUL & PAC)

 
For more information on the use of rodenticides and the specific regulations in your area, visit the  British Columbia Government's Rodenticide Ban Page, or read about the New Use Restrictions for Commercial Class Rodenticides in Agricultural Settings.  

Written by: Nav Toor & Jenny Liu